高血压、妊娠并发症可能会大大增加母亲未来患心脏病的风险
By Laura Williamson, American Heart Association 线上电子游戏飞禽走兽
怀孕前患有高血压的女性在产后十年内患心血管疾病的可能性是没有高血压的女性的两倍, 新研究发现.
And if their pregnancies involve complications, they are up to 10 times more likely to develop premature cardiovascular problems, according to the study, published Friday in the American Heart Association journal 高血压.
研究结果强调了对育龄妇女进行血压检查的重要性，并进一步证明怀孕可能会暴露或加速潜在的心脏问题, said study co-author Fergus McCarthy, 她是爱尔兰科克大学(University College Cork)妇产科的围产期研究员和高级讲师.
“怀孕可以作为一种自然的压力测试，以妊娠并发症的形式揭示潜在的心血管疾病,他说. 但目前尚不清楚这些并发症是否是更严重的慢性高血压的标志, 或者是否有其他机制和属性导致与之相关的长期心血管疾病风险升高."
An estimated 9% of women of childbearing age in the U.S. have high blood pressure – also called hypertension – according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 在那些有吸烟习惯的人中，近41%的人没有管理吸烟，近17%的人甚至不知道自己有吸烟习惯. 先前的研究表明，母亲的高血压会增加母亲和婴儿出现危及生命问题的风险.
在新的研究中, 研究人员分析了慢性高血压和不良妊娠结局与后期心血管线上娱乐电子游戏网站之间的联系, 包括中风, 心脏病, stable and unstable angina, 心脏病, peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes included preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, 早产, stillbirth and fetal growth restriction. 在怀孕前或怀孕20周前被诊断为高血压的妇女，或正在服用降血压药物的妇女被认为患有慢性高血压.
这项研究包括.2 million women up to age 49 who gave birth between 1997 and 2016. 那些在怀孕前患有心血管疾病或糖尿病的人被排除在外. The women were followed for a median 9.3年.
整体, 怀孕前患有高血压的女性日后患心血管疾病的风险要高出一倍, compared to women without hypertension. 患有高血压和复杂妊娠的女性风险最高.
Compared to women without chronic hypertension who had no pregnancy complications, women who had both these problems faced a 9.6-fold higher likelihood of developing heart failure, a 6.4-fold higher likelihood of stroke and were 2.患动脉粥样硬化或动脉斑块堆积的可能性要高出8倍. 甚至与那些患有慢性高血压但没有妊娠并发症的女性相比, women with both faced double the risk for coronary 心脏病.
有妊娠并发症但在怀孕前没有高血压的女性未来患心血管疾病的风险要高出50%, compared to those without chronic hypertension or pregnancy complications.
“有可能怀孕结果不良的女性激活了几种不同的生物途径，这些途径在怀孕后可能不会关闭。,”医生说。. 帕瑞克豪尼莎, an associate professor of clinical medicine at the University of California, 旧金山. "Similar to if you have a 心脏病, your physiology isn't the same after that."
研究结果强调了对考虑怀孕的女性进行筛查的重要性，这样可以在怀孕前控制血压, 帕瑞克豪表示, who was not involved in the research. “通常女性直到怀孕并在产前检查时才知道自己患有高血压,她说.
同样的, 有高血压病史的妇女应采取措施预防妊娠并发症, 她说. One way to do this is to give them low-dose aspirin early in the pregnancy, 哪种药物被证明有助于预防高危女性子痫前期并发症. 这种情况的特点是怀孕20周后出现严重的高血压，尿液中含有蛋白质.
有妊娠并发症史的人应该通过采取有利于心脏健康的饮食和增加体育活动等策略，采取更紧急的方法来预防心血管疾病及其危险因素, 根据… 2021 AHA scientific statement about adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular disease risk.
Because women often delay pregnancy until their later childbearing years, 随着女性年龄的增长，慢性高血压变得越来越普遍，这在新妈妈中是一个日益严重的问题, 帕瑞克豪表示. “如果女性生育年龄较大，她们患高血压的几率会更高，这并不奇怪. Detecting and screening for this is really important."